Diagnosing Steering Complaints

Check tire pressures first — uneven pressure causes pull. Check alignment — toe out of spec is the most common cause. Inspect tie rod ends and ball joints for play. On hydraulic systems, check for a binding rack valve. On EPS, scan for codes — a torque sensor fault changes assist behavior.

A vibration in the steering wheel at a specific speed range — usually 55 to 70 mph — is almost always a tire balance issue. A shimmy or oscillation at low speed after hitting a bump — the tie rods, ball joints, or strut mounts may have enough play to allow the front wheels to oscillate. Check all front-end components for play on a drive-on rack.

A clunk or pop felt through the steering wheel when turning — especially from straight ahead to a turn — points to a worn intermediate steering shaft coupler, a worn strut mount bearing, or a worn tie rod end. Turn the wheel slowly left and right while someone watches each component for the source of the movement.

Scan the EPS module for codes first. The most common EPS codes relate to the torque sensor, motor current, and communication faults. A torque sensor code often traces to a faulty clock spring — the spiral ribbon cable in the steering column that provides electrical connections while allowing the wheel to turn. Check the clock spring connector and the column connections before condemning the EPS module. Always calibrate the steering angle sensor after any EPS repair.